In certain cases, retraction (withdrawal) of a published article may be necessary. Grounds for retraction include serious violations of legal, publishing, or ethical standards by the author(s).
The journal adheres to COPE guidelines in such cases, particularly when:

• There is clear evidence that the data are unreliable or have been falsified;
• A conflict of interest was hidden or misrepresented;
• The article contains plagiarism;
• The results were previously published elsewhere without appropriate cross-referencing, permission, or justification;
• The research is reported to be unethical;
• Serious errors are identified that cast doubt on the scientific validity or lead to misinterpretation of results;
• The list of authors/sponsors contains inaccuracies (e.g., an author who qualifies was excluded, or someone who does not meet authorship criteria was included).